Key Takeaways
- BPH is non-cancerous and commonly causes urinary symptoms.
- Early prostate cancer may cause no symptoms.
- PSA testing and prostate MRI may help assess the risk of prostate cancer, while a biopsy may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
An enlarged prostate (BPH) is not cancer, but it can cause urinary symptoms that may also occur with prostate cancer. Early prostate cancer may cause no noticeable symptoms.
Understanding how BPH and prostate cancer differ can help you recognise the possible causes of prostate symptoms and when further assessment may be appropriate.
What Is an Enlarged Prostate?
BPH is a common condition that becomes more common with age. As the prostate enlarges, it can put pressure on the urethra and affect urine flow.
What Is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably. Prostate cancer can vary in how quickly it grows, and treatment depends on factors such as the cancer's characteristics and extent.
Enlarged Prostate vs Prostate Cancer: Key Differences
| Category | Enlarged Prostate (BPH) | Prostate Cancer |
| What is it? | Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate | Abnormal growth of prostate cells |
| Symptoms | Urinary symptoms are common | May cause no symptoms in the early stages |
| How is it assessed? | Medical history, physical examination, urine tests and other tests when needed | PSA testing, digital rectal examination, prostate MRI and biopsy when appropriate |
What Symptoms Can BPH and Prostate Cancer Cause?
The symptoms of BPH are usually related to changes in urination. When prostate cancer causes symptoms, they can vary depending on the stage of the disease.
Common symptoms of BPH
- Frequent urination during the day
- Waking up several times at night to pass urine
- Difficulty starting urination
- A weak or interrupted urine stream
- Feeling that the bladder does not empty completely
- Sudden urgency to urinate
- Dribbling after urination
Possible symptoms of prostate cancer
When prostate cancer does cause symptoms, they may include:
- Blood in the urine
- Blood in the semen
- Difficulty urinating or other urinary changes
- Persistent pain in the back, hips or bones, particularly in more advanced disease
These symptoms can have other causes and do not necessarily indicate prostate cancer.
How Do Doctors Distinguish BPH From Prostate Cancer?
Doctors assess prostate symptoms using a combination of medical history, examination and tests. A PSA blood test may be used to assess prostate cancer risk. Depending on the findings, further assessment may include a prostate MRI and, when appropriate, a biopsy to confirm whether cancer is present.
Can You Have BPH and Prostate Cancer at the Same Time?
Yes. BPH is not a type of cancer and does not turn into prostate cancer. However, both conditions can occur in the same person, and both become more common with age.
When Should You See a Urologist for Prostate Symptoms?
Persistent or worsening urinary symptoms should be assessed, especially if they interfere with sleep, daily activities or bladder emptying.
Consider seeing a urologist if you have:
- Urinary symptoms that persist or worsen
- Frequent urination affecting sleep or daily activities
- Difficulty emptying your bladder
- Blood in your urine or semen
- Pain during urination
Frequently Asked Questions
Is an enlarged prostate dangerous?
An enlarged prostate is not cancerous, but untreated or severe BPH can sometimes lead to complications such as urinary retention, urinary infections, bladder stones, or bladder and kidney problems.
Does a high PSA mean prostate cancer?
No. A high PSA level does not necessarily mean prostate cancer. BPH, prostatitis and other prostate conditions can also raise PSA levels. Further assessment may be recommended to determine the cause.
Need Help Distinguishing BPH From Prostate Cancer?
If you have ongoing urinary symptoms or concerns about your prostate health, schedule a consultation with Dr Joe Lee to discuss your symptoms and whether further assessment is appropriate.
